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Tracheostomies are a critical intervention for patients facing airway challenges. This guide provides insights into their essentials and care considerations.
A tracheostomy is a medical procedure that establishes an alternative airway by creating an opening (stoma) in the neck. This procedure is particularly beneficial for patients experiencing airway issues due to conditions such as cancer, trauma, or prolonged intensive care treatments involving assisted breathing.
A tracheostomy patient will typically have a stoma at the centre of their neck. This is often capped with a plug and shielded to prevent dust and debris from entering the trachea.
Essentially, a tracheostomy shortens the airway, enabling oxygen to be delivered directly to the lungs via the neck, bypassing potential obstructions in the upper airways.
It's vital to understand that these patients can breathe through their mouth, nose, and the stoma. In emergencies, it's advisable to place an oxygen mask on both the face and the stoma. During resuscitation, it's essential to remember that there are three oxygen entry points: the nose, mouth, and tracheostomy.
Given its proximity to the lungs, tracheostomies can become congested. Patients may cough up secretions or even accidentally inhale water. Hence, the patient's positioning and overall care of the stoma are paramount. This airway must be maintained as clear and clean as one would with standard nose and mouth airways.
While tracheostomies can be removed and the area stitched up, enabling breathing through the nose and mouth, such procedures are rare. The crucial aspect is recognising the stoma as a vital oxygen entry and exit point.
Proper understanding and care of tracheostomy patients are essential to ensure their well-being and optimal respiratory function.
